Not all beetles carry the pathogen and not all wounds cause

PP-747 (Revised), reviews in July 1996

JR Venette,

RC Smith

HA Lamey,

DK McBride,

bacterial wilt melons occurs throughout the United States. It affects curcurbits

including cucumbers, melons, squash, pumpkin, white pumpkin, pumpkin wild, wild >> << pumpkin and watermelon. Causal bacteria

Erwinia tracheiphila, cover

, primarily striped cucumber beetle,

Acalymma vittata and spotted cucumber beetle

,

Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi. Less than a week after a deep wound bacterial-feeding is conducted infected cucumber beetle

, dull green spots may appear on damaged leaves. The objectives of the leaves and stalks

are you, sometimes as fast initial dullness remains unnoticed. Do

through lateral shoots and eventually affects the whole plant (Fig. 1). Fruits of infected plants may be faded, small, bad shape and poorly flavored. Cucumbers and melons are suffering the most. All grapes may subside within two weeks after

infection. Squash and pumpkins may not wilt quickly, but may be insignificant with

large flowering and branching. Watermelons are rarely affected. Figure 1. Bacterial wilt of cucumbers. Early symptoms

left and advanced features right. Figure 1a. Bacterial wilt of melon.

Is caused by slimy mud, which connects all the tissue water plants >>. << Withered plants do not recover, even if enough water in the soil. More >> << pathogen causing wilt, bacterial wilt but can be distinguished by cutting severely scorched

stem at the base of lateral branches or slightly above ground level and squeezing the cut. Tina will release the water, the top fabric. By touching the sludge finger

then slowly drawing away his fingers, milky, sticky mud will pull into small threads of >> << to one-fourth inch in length (Fig. 2). This test is best for cucumbers and >> << less reliable for other melons. A positive test is a strong diagnostic feature, but >> << negative result does not mean that plants do not have the disease. Another test is to place fresh cut

arising out of the withered plants in a glass of water. If bacterial

eat, fluid milk appears in the context of use. Both these tests require

patience, because the bacteria are in the sticky material and can easily bleed to stem the reduction >>. Figure 2 <<. Bacterial

want: thin filaments of bacterial sludge. Only the striped cucumber beetle (Fig. 3) plays an important role in spreading disease

in North Dakota. Adult striped cucumber beetle nearly one-quarter inch in length,

yellow-green, with three longitudinal black stripes on the back (Fig. 3). Bacteria

hibernate in the gut bug or bugs may be contaminated, eating infected wild

. Eat beetles spreading pathogens of plants you want to plant on

their mouth or in the stool. Not all beetles carry the pathogen and not all wounds causing

infection, even if the beetle is native. Only the deep wounds that provide food >> << tissue water is contaminated. Cucumber beetles prefer to feed on withered plants >> << that increases beetle contamination. The disease spreads rapidly under normal conditions >> << moisture, but slows down the spread in rainy periods or drought. Beetles >> << less active in the prolonged cool, rainy weather. In very dry weather no water film >> << that may penetrate through the bacteria exposed to the vascular system. Pathogen >> << You can also enter the plant through mechanical wounds that provide water tissue. Figure 3. Striped cucumber beetle. The most effective fight against disease is surgical removal of cucumber beetles. Beetles

can transmit squash mosaic virus and bacterial wilt and can cause serious damage strattera no prescritpion >> <<, eating leaves. Management should start or at the first beetle

marked or when the first seedlings appear kukurbit. Some manufacturers plants catch

melon crops heavily on a small area for a few days before you plant the crops >>. << Catch crops are designed to attract beetles that can spray insecticide. Unfortunately, the catch crops could increase beetle population, if not spray properly. Small plants can be protected from cucumber beetle to the test. Gauze may

be used if the ribs carefully in order to prevent bugs crawling under cover and

feeding. In larger areas, chemical control. Quick metoksyhlor murder

dyazynon karbaril and is currently recommended insecticides. Pumpkin easily

affected by the insecticide, so that only light applications must be made. Details of the recommended >> << strengths and formulations can be found in circular expanding E-331, garden coma

Management Office. Be sure to follow instructions. Remove and destroy infected twigs. Faded plants can not be saved. In large plantations

infected vines pulled out and allow to dry, where they lay. If infected grapes

confused with healthy vines in the garden, do not try to divide them. Rather than risk violating

healthy grapes, pull the infected wine and let it dry in place. Autumn >> << to remove and destroy all crop refuse to reduce other diseases of melons and decrease

hibernation sites for the beetle. Change is in the pathogen. Strains of more or less vigorously in various melons >>. << Resistant varieties of hybrids, with less bitterness factor

in their lines. Apparently cucurbitacin B and cucurbitacin

C, which are attractive to beetles, are compounds that cause bitterness >> << factor cucumbers. With this in mind, it might be a good idea to select those varieties

, which historically have little or no account of bitterness developing fetus. These >> << include the following: Improved Long Green, Eversweet, Ashley, Sunnybrook, Saticoy Hybrid, and

lemon. Some seed catalogs varieties promote or varieties are not bitter. These varieties

likely to be least likely to cucumber wilt. Other common controls of bacterial wilt Pumpkin include: control all

weeds in or near the pumpkin patch, avoiding damage to melons, when plants are wet,

Not planting melons in weedy forest or brush where cucumber chafer

winter squash and store only from healthy vines. PP-747 (Revised), April 1989.